{"id":18358,"date":"2026-05-05T15:16:35","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T13:16:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/norways-fjords-suffocate-under-farmed-salmon-waste\/"},"modified":"2026-05-05T15:43:14","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T13:43:14","slug":"norways-fjords-suffocate-under-farmed-salmon-waste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/norways-fjords-suffocate-under-farmed-salmon-waste\/","title":{"rendered":"Norway&#8217;s fjords suffocate under farmed salmon waste"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Five and a half million inhabitants. That is the population of Norway. Yet <strong>the country&#8217;s aquaculture discharges<\/strong> <strong>an amount of nutrients<\/strong> into fjords and coastal waters <strong>each year<\/strong> <strong>that is equivalent in impact to the untreated wastewater of a nation the size of Australia.<\/strong> The numbers are certified: 75,000 tons of nitrogen, 13,000 tons of phosphorus and 360,000 tons of organic carbon released into the sea in 2025 alone, <a href=\"https:\/\/sunstone.institute\/datapackages\/aquaculture-data\">according to an analysis<\/a> published by the Sunstone Institute.    <\/p>\n\n<p>To measure this impact, researchers <strong>Carter Brown<\/strong> and <strong>Alexandra Pires Duro<\/strong> used the Population Equivalent (PE), a standard tool in environmental assessments: the amount of pollution a single person generates each day through their wastewater. This implies that <strong>nitrogen emissions from Norwegian aquaculture correspond to the untreated effluent of 17.2 million people<\/strong>; phosphorus to 20 million; and organic carbon to nearly 30 million. &#8220;The amount of pollution produced by aquaculture is three to five times higher than the Norwegian population,&#8221; Alexandra Pires Duro, author of the report, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2026\/may\/04\/norwegian-fish-farms-polluting-fjords-with-waste-likened-to-raw-sewage-of-millions-of-people\">told<\/a> the Guardian. &#8220;The feces, the uneaten feed, the urine: it all ends up in the water.&#8221;   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-il-picco-invisibile-dell-estate\"><strong>The invisible peak of summer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Applying EP on a monthly basis, researchers found that the pollutant load is not evenly distributed but is concentrated in the summer months, when <strong>high temperatures accelerate the metabolism of fish, which eat more and produce more waste.<\/strong> Data from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries show that feed consumption increased from 130,000 tons in February to nearly 245,000 in September 2025-an 87.9 percent increase. As a result, monthly nitrogen PE in August is close to 21.5 million, up from 12.4 million in February-a 138 percent increase in five months.  <\/p>\n\n<p>In summer, marine ecosystems are already at their peak biological activity and nutrient uptake capacity. Introducing massive loads of nitrogen and phosphorus at this time means triggering ideal conditions for algal blooms. &#8220;Mean annual values underestimate ecological stress during summer peaks,&#8221; the authors write.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fiordi-semichiusi-ossigeno-in-calo\"><strong>Fjords half-closed, oxygen declining<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Norway&#8217;s fjords are semi-closed ecosystems: water is slowly renewed, nutrients accumulate on the bottom, and oxygen levels in deep waters depend on a fragile balance. In Sognefjord, the country&#8217;s longest, a 2025 study <strong>attributed about two-thirds of the oxygen decline to increased nutrient inflows<\/strong>. In Hardangerfjord, authorities already rejected nine applications for new farms in March. Tom Pedersen, the region&#8217;s environmental consultant and reviewer of the report, explained, &#8220;Algae and plankton are dying, sinking and decomposing by consuming oxygen. The level in the fjords is already decreasing.&#8221;   <\/p>\n\n<p>Between 2002 and 2012, <em>Saccharina latissima<\/em>, the kelp (i.e., seaweed) that forms underwater forests along the western coasts, lost up to 80 percent of its extent in some areas. <strong>The proliferation of opportunistic filamentous algae<\/strong>, favored by excess nutrients, <strong>suffocates these species<\/strong>: they grow on the kelp&#8217;s laminae, reducing its ability to absorb light and nutrients.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-l-industria-risponde-il-ministero-tace\"><strong>Industry responds, ministry is silent<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>The Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries deferred any comment to the Directorate General of Fisheries, which declined. Fish Producers Federation spokesman Krister Hoaas took the contextual route: emissions reflect the amount of food produced and the country&#8217;s degree of food self-sufficiency. He went on to quote the Marine Research Institute that &#8220;current production is well within nature&#8217;s carrying capacity&#8221; and that only a significant increase in certain fjords could raise the risk of local eutrophication.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The authors acknowledge the limitations of the model, apply a constant ratio of feed to waste, but recall that, according to Wang and Olsen (2023), the metabolic efficiency of fish declines with high summer temperatures. Which means that the numbers presented today may even be conservative. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-una-questione-di-metrica\"><strong>A question of metrics<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>There is a methodological knot worth noting. Until now, the impact of aquaculture has almost always been measured on an annual basis, an average that flattens out seasonal variations. The main contribution of the Sunstone report is to show that the temporal dimension of pollution matters as much as the quantitative one. Dumping the equivalent of 20 million PE of phosphorus spread over a year is one thing; concentrating it between June and September, when the assimilative capacity of ecosystems is already at its limit, is another and marks the difference between a system that holds up and one that collapses. Norway produces about half of the world&#8217;s farmed salmon. The industry is worth billions and is an integral part of the country&#8217;s economy, and its fjords are complex ecosystems that are paying the environmental costs of a global industry.     <\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Sunstone Institute report photographs an industry that dumps nutrients into coastal waters equivalent to the untreated sewage of twenty million people. And the worst comes in summer, when ecosystems are already at their limit <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":18359,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowscnaCw:productID":"","_app_feed_target":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1728],"tags":[1651,1675],"class_list":["post-18358","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pollution","tag-allevamenti-intensivi","tag-inquinamento"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.5 (Yoast SEO v26.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Norway&#039;s fjords suffocate under farmed salmon waste &#8226; Ultima Bozza<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A Sunstone Institute report photographs an industry that dumps nutrients into coastal waters equivalent to the untreated sewage of twenty million people. 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