{"id":21213,"date":"2026-08-20T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/?p=21213"},"modified":"2026-08-05T11:59:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T09:59:06","slug":"nine-million-stoves-and-fireplaces-but-theyre-old-italys-wood-heating-sector-is-catching-up-with-the-need-for-replacement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/nine-million-stoves-and-fireplaces-but-theyre-old-italys-wood-heating-sector-is-catching-up-with-the-need-for-replacement\/","title":{"rendered":"Nine million stoves and fireplaces\u2014but they\u2019re old: Italy\u2019s wood-heating sector is catching up with the need for replacement"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In Italy\u2019s residential heating sector, wood biomass is still ubiquitous. The latest statistical report from Aiel (the Italian Association for Agroforestry Energy<\/a>, which represents the \u201cwood-energy\u201d supply chain<\/strong>, from producers and distributors of wood-based biofuels to appliance manufacturers) reveals a total of 8.88 million units, the vast majority of which are installed in homes and almost all of which have a capacity of less than 35 kW. <\/p>\n\n

It is a world made up primarily of fireplaces, stoves, and cookstoves that heat individual rooms, rather than centralized boilers. And above all, it is still tied to wood<\/strong>: log-fired systems account for 71.5% of the total, while pellet-fired systems account for 28%. Wood chips, typically used in larger systems, remain a marginal option in terms of numbers. <\/p>\n\n

The Persistence of the Obsolete<\/h3>\n\n

Behind these numbers, the technology tells two stories. The first is the persistence of the obsolete: open fireplaces still account for 27.5% of the installed base\u2014a high-impact remnant that survives in Italian homes. The second is the long-term rise of pellet heating: between 2014 and 2024, pellet stoves grew by 75.6%, inserts by 96%, and residential boilers by 51.6%. Thus, over ten years, the share of wood-burning appliances fell from 84.2% to 71.5%, while pellets rose from 15.6% to 28.1%. But 2024 marks a shift: pellet sales drop to 33% of the annual market, while wood climbs back to 62.6%. This is a reaction to the abnormal pellet prices in the 2022\u20132023 period, which influenced household choices. <\/p>\n\n

Consumption follows the same pattern. In 2024, 13.46 million metric tons of wood-based biofuels were burned in Italy. Wood remains the dominant fuel at 9.63 million metric tons, pellets account for 2.88 million, and wood chips just under one million. Over the course of ten years, firewood use has declined by 10%, while pellet use has grown by over 70%. It is a slow shift, hampered by habits, prices, and local fuel availability. <\/p>\n\n

The key issue is environmental quality<\/h3>\n\n

The real issue, however, is the environmental quality of the fleet. Since 2018, new generators have been rated on a scale of 2 to 5 stars. In 2024, according to Aiel, nearly eight out of ten units are 2-star or unrated. Only 12% fall into the 4- and 5-star categories. This is reflected in emissions: approximately 60,000 metric tons of PM10 attributable to biomass heating in 2024, with 2-star units accounting for 91.2% of the total. Although 4- and 5-star technologies represent a minority, they account for just 4% of emissions. <\/p>\n\n

Despite everything, however, PM10 emissions fell by 21% between 2017 and 2024. The reason is simple: when old appliances are replaced with modern, efficient models, air quality improves. Assuming current policies remain in place, projections for 2030 indicate a further 18% reduction, down to 49 Gg of PM10, in line with ISPRA\u2019s most ambitious scenarios for PM2.5. This forecast is considered optimistic, because the pace of replacement depends on prices, incentives, regulations, and public perception. <\/p>\n\n

Two Roads<\/h3>\n\n

The report compares two approaches. The first tightens emission limits for new facilities and, at the same time, reduces sales by 20% compared to the baseline scenario: the effect on 2030 remains similar, at 49 days of PM10. The second approach focuses entirely on accelerated replacement: sales increase by 30%, and 5-star products are prioritized. Here, PM10 would drop to 48 Gg, representing a 20% reduction compared to 2024. But even in this case, by the end of the decade, 3-star or lower heaters would still make up the vast majority of the installed base and emissions. This indicates that, to be effective, the transition must be sustained and expanded. <\/p>\n\n

Alongside residential homes, there is a local initiative that Aiel is pushing to promote: small community-based biomass plants in municipalities without natural gas service. The idea is to treat biomass as a complement to electrification\u2014a local solution for renewable heat in areas where the power grid is absent or unreliable, and fossil fuels are not a viable option. This approach, if well-designed and properly managed, can help decarbonize heating in areas where heat pumps and district heating networks are not yet competitive or available. <\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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