{"id":21230,"date":"2026-08-11T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/?p=21230"},"modified":"2026-08-05T11:59:07","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T09:59:07","slug":"over-500-new-species-of-bacteria-and-800000-viruses-the-microbiome-reveals-the-secrets-of-the-coral-reef","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/over-500-new-species-of-bacteria-and-800000-viruses-the-microbiome-reveals-the-secrets-of-the-coral-reef\/","title":{"rendered":"Over 500 new species of bacteria and 800,000 viruses: the microbiome reveals the secrets of the coral reef"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

More than 500 new species of bacteria previously unknown to science<\/strong> and more than 800,000 viral genomes that have never been mapped before\u2014this is the treasure trove discovered in the waters of Australia\u2019s Great Barrier Reef<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n

But the breakthrough revealed in the study published in the journal *Nature*<\/em> \u2014led by the University of Queensland in collaboration with the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS)\u2014goes beyond mere numbers. In fact, it demonstrates that the water microbiome is capable of \u201crecording\u201d the health of the ecosystem and the effects of human activities. <\/p>\n\n

Researchers have created the Great Barrier Reef Microbial Genomes Database<\/strong> (GBR-MGD), the most detailed genomic catalog of the planktonic microbiome ever compiled for the region, by analyzing samples collected from 48 different reefs along a route spanning hundreds of kilometers. <\/p>\n\n

A Previously Unknown Biological Treasure<\/h3>\n\n

For decades, assessments of the health of coral ecosystems have been based on visual observation of the most conspicuous species, such as fish and corals. This study now shifts the focus of ecological analysis to the microscopic realm. <\/p>\n\n

The overall figures revealed by the mapping project illustrate the extent of this previously hidden biodiversity: 5,283 reconstructed prokaryotic genomes (bacteria and archaea), belonging to 876 distinct species; 584 new bacterial species completely unknown to global databases; 808,585 viral genomes attributable to approximately 362,802 different viruses, as well as eukaryotic genomes at the chromosomal level for planktonic microalgae that are essential to carbon cycles, such as Bathycoccus and Ostreococcus. <\/p>\n\n

Commenting on the scale of these findings in *The Guardian*<\/em>, Professor Philip Hugenholtz<\/strong>, a microbiologist at the University of Queensland and senior author of the study, said: “This shows just how vast the microbial world is. We know that new viruses are always emerging wherever we sequence, but I was surprised to find over 500 new bacterial species.\u201d <\/p>\n\n

The Impact of Marine Reserves on Bacteria<\/h3>\n\n

In addition to the taxonomic discovery, the study reveals an environmental finding of enormous significance. By cross-referencing genomic data with machine learning techniques, scientists have discovered that the composition of the microbiome makes it possible to distinguish, with about 75% accuracy, whether a reef is located within a marine protected area with a total fishing ban or within an area open to fishing. <\/p>\n\n

This is the first large-scale demonstration that marine conservation policies leave a distinct biological “signature” that can be detected directly in the microorganisms inhabiting the water column. <\/p>\n\n

In protected areas, bacteria with reduced and minimal genomes (such as Pelagibacterales<\/em>, SAR86<\/em>, and Marinisomatota<\/em>) predominate; these have evolved to thrive in nutrient-poor (oligotrophic) waters. In areas open to fishing, however, microbial species adapted to environments with higher levels of nitrogen and organic matter are more abundant. The authors hypothesize that the reduced density of grazing fish in fishing areas promotes the proliferation of macroalgae, which release nutrients into the water, thereby altering the microbial balance. <\/p>\n\n

As Dr. Yun Kit Yeoh<\/strong>, an AIMS researcher and the study\u2019s first author, pointed out: \u201cWe can now use this database to begin exploring what makes a coral reef ecosystem healthy and how these microbes respond to changes associated with thermal stress, bleaching, or other environmental disturbances. Microbial populations often change even before visible signs appear on the reef.\u201d <\/p>\n\n

Overcoming Technological Limits<\/h3>\n\n

The historical difficulty in mapping marine microscopic life was not only due to the inability to culture most microbes in the laboratory, but also to the technical limitations of traditional short-read sequencing technologies (Illumina), which tended to overlook organisms with specific genetic characteristics or high diversity among strains. <\/p>\n\n

By combining short-read sequencing with Nanopore long-read technology\u2014which is capable of reading long strands of DNA while preserving their integrity\u2014the researchers were able to piece together the genetic puzzle with an unprecedented level of detail and accuracy. <\/p>\n\n

An Early Indicator for the Future of the Oceans<\/h3>\n\n

Since microorganisms form the basis of the marine food chain and ensure its nutrient cycle (many of them convert carbon dioxide into oxygen through photosynthesis before becoming food for krill), tracking changes in their populations will provide an early warning system. <\/p>\n\n

Periodic analysis of microbial communities will enable early monitoring of the ocean\u2019s responses to thermal stress caused by the climate crisis, the presence of pollutants, and the impact of human activities, providing conservation agencies with significantly more timely and effective diagnostic tools. <\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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