{"id":21245,"date":"2026-08-07T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-07T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/?p=21245"},"modified":"2026-08-05T12:00:29","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T10:00:29","slug":"technologically-neutral-the-principle-that-describes-the-standard-not-the-market","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/technologically-neutral-the-principle-that-describes-the-standard-not-the-market\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Technologically neutral&#8221;: the principle that describes the standard, not the market"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In March 2023, the Council of the EU approved the <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32023R0851\">regulation requiring new cars to achieve a 100% reduction in tailpipe emissions by 2035<\/a>. The approval had been blocked for weeks by Germany, which had secured an exemption for vehicles powered exclusively by e-fuels\u2014synthetic fuels produced from renewable hydrogen and CO\u2082 captured from the air. Upon signing, German Transport Minister Volker Wissing stated: \u201cThe way is clear: Europe remains technologically neutral.\u201d In December 2025, as part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cleanenergywire.org\/news\/germany-and-italy-launch-joint-call-soften-2035-new-eu-combustion-engine-car-ban\">Italian-German<\/a> Action Plan, the ministers of Italy and Germany called for plug-in hybrid cars and internal combustion engines powered by low-emission fuels to be allowed to be sold after 2035. The argument was the same.    <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Technology-neutral&#8221; is a regulatory principle with a specific meaning. It means that the regulation sets an output target: an emissions level, an efficiency threshold, or a safety standard. It does not prescribe which technology to use to achieve it. It is a legitimate principle: it prevents lawmakers from picking technological winners and leaves room for innovation. An exhaust emissions limit is technology-neutral because it does not mandate electric cars; it mandates zero grams of CO\u2082. If someone were to produce a zero-emission internal combustion engine, it would meet the target.     <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Herein lies the ambiguity. When the principle moves from regulatory language to public debate, it takes on a different meaning. Saying that \u201cEurope remains technologically neutral\u201d does not describe the structure of the regulation: it suggests that the choice between electric cars and e-fuel cars is equivalent, as if they were comparable options available on the market. In 2023, the world\u2019s largest e-fuel plant, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.porsche.com\/int\/about-porsche\/e-fuels\/\">Porsche\u2019s Haru Oni<\/a> in Chile, had a production capacity of approximately 130,000 liters per year. Estimated production costs for e-fuels ranged from 2 to 8 euros per liter equivalent, depending on the technology and scale. The energy efficiency of an electric car is three to five times higher than that of a car running on e-fuels produced using the same amount of renewable electricity: each kilowatt-hour from a renewable source travels a distance five times greater in a BEV than it would after passing through the e-fuels production chain. The principle of technology neutrality describes the standard. It does not describe the market.       <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An analogy might help. A building code that sets a thermal efficiency target is technology-neutral: you can use rock wool, aerogel, or hemp fiber. This neutrality means that the regulation does not prescribe a specific material. It does not imply that the three materials cost the same, are available on the same scale, or have the same structural impact. \u201cTechnologically neutral\u201d describes how the regulation is written, not market conditions.    <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italy plays a specific role in this story. Along with Germany, Poland, and others, it formed the blocking minority that forced the Commission to reach a compromise on e-fuels in 2023. Italy\u2019s original proposal, which was not accepted, also included biofuels. In 2025, with competitive pressure from China on electric vehicles and a slowdown in BEV sales in Europe, the Italian government continued to use technology neutrality as an argument for keeping the scope for internal combustion engines open. In December 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cleanenergywire.org\/news\/eu-eases-stance-post-2035-car-emissions-rules-drawing-mixed-reactions-germany\">the Commission proposed<\/a> lowering the 2035 target from a 100% reduction to a 90% reduction, with the remaining 10% covered by low-emission steel, e-fuels, or biofuels.    <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is a legitimate argument in defense of the principle. The history of industrial regulation includes cases in which lawmakers mandated a specific technology and slowed innovation. An emissions-based target is structurally more robust than a technology-based one, because it remains valid even in the presence of unexpected solutions. The documented problem is not the principle itself, but its rhetorical transfer from regulatory language to public debate to suggest a market equivalence that does not exist.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This column explores climate-related terms whose technical meaning differs from common perception. \u201cTechnologically neutral\u201d introduces a new mechanism: a regulatory principle with a specific technical function (not prescribing the means, only the objectives) is used in public debate as if it described the state of the market (all technologies are available and comparable). Regulatory neutrality and market neutrality are two different things.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The next time you read \u201ctechnology-neutral\u201d in a government press release or an industry document, there\u2019s one question to ask: Does \u201cneutral\u201d mean neutral according to the standard\u2014where no specific technology is mandated\u2014or neutral according to the market\u2014where options are available on the same scale and at the same cost? The two answers lead to different conclusions. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This expression is used in public debate as if it described the current state of the market. But that is not true: it describes the norm. Currently, the energy efficiency of an electric car on the market is three to five times higher than that of a car running on e-fuels.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":21246,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowscnaCw:productID":"","_app_feed_target":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1598],"tags":[1695],"class_list":["post-21245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-emissions","tag-technology"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.5 (Yoast SEO v26.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>&quot;Technologically neutral&quot;: the principle that describes the standard, not the market &#8226; Ultima Bozza<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This expression is used in public debate as if it described the current state of the market. But that is not true: it describes the norm. Currently, the energy efficiency of an electric car on the market is three to five times higher than that of a car running on e-fuels.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/technologically-neutral-the-principle-that-describes-the-standard-not-the-market\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"&quot;Technologically neutral&quot;: the principle that describes the standard, not the market &#8226; Ultima Bozza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This expression is used in public debate as if it described the current state of the market. But that is not true: it describes the norm. Currently, the energy efficiency of an electric car on the market is three to five times higher than that of a car running on e-fuels.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/technologically-neutral-the-principle-that-describes-the-standard-not-the-market\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ultima Bozza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ultimabozza\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-07T07:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/auto-3-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Stefano Cisternino\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ultimabozza\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ultimabozza\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Stefano Cisternino\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/technologically-neutral-the-principle-that-describes-the-standard-not-the-market\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/technologically-neutral-the-principle-that-describes-the-standard-not-the-market\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Stefano Cisternino\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ff92e62817cb6617cb2147a2dfa3e385\"},\"headline\":\"&#8220;Technologically neutral&#8221;: the principle that describes the standard, not the market\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-07T07:00:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/technologically-neutral-the-principle-that-describes-the-standard-not-the-market\/\"},\"wordCount\":746,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/technologically-neutral-the-principle-that-describes-the-standard-not-the-market\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/auto-3-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"technology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Emissions\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2026\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/technologically-neutral-the-principle-that-describes-the-standard-not-the-market\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/technologically-neutral-the-principle-that-describes-the-standard-not-the-market\/\",\"name\":\"\\\"Technologically neutral\\\": the principle that describes the standard, not the market &#8226; Ultima Bozza\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/technologically-neutral-the-principle-that-describes-the-standard-not-the-market\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/en\/technologically-neutral-the-principle-that-describes-the-standard-not-the-market\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ultimabozza.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/auto-3-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-07T07:00:00+00:00\",\"description\":\"This expression is used in public debate as if it described the current state of the market. 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